Have you experienced any obstacles in your work trying to improve open contracting, what were they and how were you able to overcome them?
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Around the world, procurement processes—which are vital to ensuring an affordable, reliable, and high-quality supply of health products—remain fraught with obstacles. Further, the ongoing pandemic is magnifying challenges, for both COVID-19-related supplies and other essential health products. This paper summarizes current challenges in health product markets in low- and middle-income countries; presents estimates for the range of potential savings that could be realized from improved procurement; and highlights possible policy options for the way forward. From simulations of three procurement reform approaches, we find that 50 of the poorest low- and middle-income countries could achieve savings between $10 to $26 billion per year, equivalent to 16 to 41 percent of the estimated $63 billion in annual spending on health products. Precise estimates of the potential savings from improved procurement of health products are difficult to compute due to scarce data. We also recognize that procurementrelated reforms are contingent on overcoming complex political-economy dynamics in the real world. Nevertheless, our findings provide an illustrative range for the magnitude of possible savings and highlight the value proposition of addressing the inefficiencies that characterize procurement systems in low- and middle-income countries. In a post-pandemic world, improving procurement of health products must remain central to countries’ efforts to maximize health outcomes—it will also ensure health systems are more resilient when the next outbreak hits.
This report aims to evaluate the effectiveness and fit of open contracting reforms to LMIC contexts and to provide
recommendations on how and when countries should pursue open contracting reforms. This objective was broken
down into the following questions on reform outcomes and reform drivers.
1. How advanced and comprehensive is the legal framework for open contracting? How did it evolve in the last 10-
15 years?
2. To what extent are the laws relating to public procurement transparency and accountability implemented? How
did the comprehensiveness and quality of publicly available government contracting data evolve in the last 10-15
years?
3. What is the political-economic context in which public procurement occurs? Who are the main actors in
government and civil society, what are their power relations and interests? Which actors have driven or blocked
open contracting reform?
4. Which conditions and institutional capacities have facilitated or hindered public procurement transparency
reform?
5. Which reform strategies have proved most successful and unsuccessful in which contexts? What were the
typical time frames and pathways for successful reform that can inform design of future advocacy strategies?
This article discusses corruption in the South African health sector. The researchers used a combination of research methods and triangulated data from three sources: Auditor-General of South Africa reports for each province covering a 9-year period; 13 semi-structured interviews with health sector key informants and a content analysis of print media reports covering a 3-year period.
How can governments and the private sector apply digital technologies to enhance transparency and integrity? This report looks at examples of digital solutions that contribute to better governance in African countries.
Two fields of applications are the focus of this report: public procurement, company registries and payments. In these areas, technological innovation can be applied to empower citizens, build trust in the integrity of processes, cut red tape and reduce corruption risks.
The report examines two country case studies in more detail: first, it looks at Kenya, which introduced electronic procurement in 2014 and is seen as a global innovation leader in mobile payments. Second, the report covers Ghana, where the Alliance for Integrity has promoted a business-driven, multi-stakeholder approach seeking to improve transparency and integrity in the economic system, and where the government has committed to open up public contracting.
The findings of this report are based on desk research and 18 interviews conducted with representatives of the private sector, government bodies, donors, think tanks and civil society activists in Nairobi and Accra in November 2017
This report examines the current state of the data ecosystem in Africa, its desired end state, and the gaps in between. It also provides recommendations on how to bridge these gaps. It maps the current data ecosystem in Africa in terms of purpose, actors, principles and protocols; legal, legislative and policy frameworks; technological infrastructure, tools and platforms; and the dynamic interactions between purposes, actors, frameworks, technologies and systems.
A blog by the Open Contracting Partnership describing the implementation of open contracting in Nigeria and the role of social accountability mechanisms.
Examples of national pharmaceutical procurement and supply chain institutions were identified through rapid search and input from experts. Institutions identified were largely from Africa. Up-to-date details of the governance of these institutions was not easy to find within the scope of this work. The resources in the annotated bibliography of this report include grey literature and media articles to give some information where strong evidence in this area is lacking. This overview highlights some of the findings on institutions from different countries.
The purpose of this report by Development Gateway is to support scoping studies on open contracting in West Africa and to identify potential British interests and priorities in the region. The goal for this project was to gauge the state of openness of public procurement processes in five West African countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Liberia and Guinea) and to identify opportunities for procurement reform and the adoption of Open Contracting Principles.
This paper looks specifically at international (and especially British) company interests in these five markets. They analysed third party surveys and indices of the corruption environment, especially around public procurement, and have conducted our own interviews of 17 companies with a long-term commitment to, and knowledge of, these markets.
This report documents examples of the benefits of contract transparency: a 50 percent increase in
competition for government tenders in Slovakia, reduced variation and lower average prices in hospital supplies in Latin America, lower costs for social housing in France, the exposure of significant political party funding by sole-source contract winners in Georgia, and civil-society monitoring of a social development fund by a mining company in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The World Bank has developed a set of procurement indicators that can be used to monitor the implementation of electronic government procurement, or e-GP.
This document describes these WB indicators, and for each indicator identifies:
» what it attempts to measure
» the formula used to calculate its value, where possible
» what constitutes a “good” value for the indicator
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Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Senior Project Officer at Transparency International Health Initiative. Primarily focused on TIHI's Open Contracting for Health project, which seeks to improve health outcomes in partner countries and increase public trust in health services through increased transparency in the health procurement cycle. Also working on the ‘Improving COVID19 procurement to increase equitable access to medicines and medical equipment’ which seeks to improve transparency in emergency, specifically COVID-19 related, procurement processes. Have experience in social accountability focused, capacity building and transparency projects.